Possibly you have seen Lens manufacturer Zeiss to write the phrases like Planar and Tessar. What these terminologies mean and how they work? Planar Lens Design is registered trademark taken by Paul Rudolph for Carl Zeiss. In the same way, Tessar is also a design by the same physicist Paul Rudolph in 1902. – thecustomizewindows.com
Helios (Russia) Optical diagram of type ‘Planar. ‘The optical circuit was copied from the Carl Zeiss Jena Biotar 2/58 lens.
»What is Planar Lens Design?
»Carl Zeiss, Ernst Abbe och Otto Schott
A List of the Names of Soviet Lenses – by Ivan K, lensbeam.com
Arsat The name “Arsat” lenses were issued by the Kiev factory “Arsenal” after the Soviet Union collapsed and Ukraine became independent. Plant “Arsenal” has made rebranding, and all lenses manufactured earlier after this were named Arsat.
Vega (Вега) Vega Lenses has an optical design of Zeiss Biometar or modification (Vega-28, for example). Vega released as photographic and cine lenses (Vega 12 Vega 7, Vega 3), and for photographic enlargers (Vega-11U. Vega-5U).
Volna (Волна) I know 2 of the lens with the same name: Macro Lens Volna-9, produced by LOMO and medium format lens Volna-3, produced by Arsenal. Both have planar-like optical designs, which differ significantly.
Helios (Гелиос) The lenses named Helios include broad family of a variety of lenses. They all originate from Zeiss Biotar. Some of the most known representatives of this group are the Helios 44 and Helios-40.
Granit (Гранит) It is a zoom lens Granit-11. This is one of the few Soviet zooms. Other lenses with the same name are not met. DM (ДМ) This family of small-format projection lenses. Have Triplet design and issued on the Azov optical-mechanical plant. The representative is DM-3.
Zh (Ж) Yes, there are lenses that are marked with only one letter and a numeric code (Ж-54 for example). They have a planar-like design. This is projection lenses.
Zenitar (Зенитар) The lenses with this name were produced in the Krasnogorsk Factory. Zvereva (KMZ). The most known lenses are Zenitar 50/1.7 and fisheye Zenitar 16/2.8. These lenses have different optical designs. The names also vary: Telezenitar, APO-Zenitar, there are also zoom lenses called Variozenitar.
ZM (ЗМ) “ZM” – an abbreviation of “mirror-meniscus”. The name speaks for itself. Under this name were produced several mirror telephoto lenses.
Zodiac (Зодиак) This name is the only one Soviet medium format fisheye – Zodiac-8 3.5/30.
Industar (Индустар) All Industar have a Zeiss Tessar optical design. Came mainly on cheap small-format cameras (Industar-61), medium format (Industar-29). large format (I-51, Industar-4). A lot of Industar comes on photographic enlargers, their models simply innumerable. By the way, in some names of Soviet lenses meet the reduction, for example, Industar marked the first letter “I”, Triplets – “T” Petzval lenses – “P”.
Kaleinar (Калейнар) I know only two lenses with this name: Kaleinar-5 2.8/100 and Kaleinar-3 2.8/150. Both were calculated and made at the Kiev factory “Arsenal”. The origin of the design I do not know, maybe it’s some kind of the planar modification.
KO (КО), KP (КП), OKP (ОКП) Abbreviations “Movie lens” and “Cinema Projection.” Accordingly, this is projection lenses. They have different optical designs: aplanat, petsval, planar.
LOMO (ЛОМО) These lenses are called of manufacturer abbreviation – Leningrad Optical-Mechanical Association. This association was considered number one in the USSR, it produces a variety of lenses with different designs. There are already appears in the name is not optical design but a brand. Yes, the lenses of the plant, especially cine lenses OKS (ОКС) have good optical properties and is very highly valued.
Luch (Луч) This is name were produced large format lenses with a Goerz Dagor symmetrical design. They are called the Soviet Dagor.
Mir (Мир) With this name were produced wide-angle lenses of different focal lengths and formats. The most famous are the Mir-24, Mir-1B and medium format Mir-3, Mir-26. The basis of the optical design of these lenses is the Zeiss Flektogon.
MTO (МТО) The abbreviation “meniscus telephoto lens.” This mirror this is mirror lenses MTO 500/8 and the MTO 1000/10.
Oberon (Оберон) Name of fast telephoto lens Oberon-11 200/2.8. Produced at the Vologda Optical and Mechanical plant. I’ve heard mixed reviews about it. Some good, some bad.
OKS (ОКС) It is an abbreviation of “Cine Lens“, most of them were produced by LOMO. They have different optical designs.
OR (ОР) The abbreviation “Lens for reproduction” These lenses tend to have a Tessar and symmetric designs. Is installed on the copier and reproduction machines.
Ortagoz (Ортагоз) This name is the very first mass Soviet lens Ortagoz 1:4,5 f = 13,5 cm was mounted on the first Soviet camera “Photocor.” The name comes from two words – “Ortho” and “GOZ”. “Ortho” because of symmetric optical design and the “GOZ” – an abbreviation of the State Optical Plant. Optical design, copied from Goerz Celor.
P (П) These lenses have a Petzval design. Usually, this is projection lenses.
Peleng (Пеленг) This is fisheye. Produced by BelOMO (Belarus).
Rubin (Рубин) Under this name I’ve seen a rare zoom lens with a constant aperture – Rubin 37-80 f/2.8. For small format.
RO (РО) This name has projection lenses. Most of them Planar optical design.
Tair (Таир) Lenses Tahir initially expected for telephoto and had three elements (Tair-3), then, to make wider angle has been added a fourth element (Tair-11). There are also cine lenses Tair-56, medium format Tair-33 and others. The name comes from the name of the constellation “Altair”.
Telear (Телеар) This is telephoto lenses. Produced by Arsenal plant. I know two: small format Telear-H and medium format Telear-5.
Telemar (Телемар) This is a telephoto lens. Produced before the 60-ies on KMZ. Has retrofocal telephoto optical design when the front and rear elements have a big distance. Later, it was replaced by the Jupiter-21, which is at the same focal length of 200 mm has the better optical performance.
Triar (Триар) This is projection lenses manufactured at the Arsenal plant. Have Triplet design.
Triplet (Триплет) Lenses name matches the name of the optical design. The triplets were installed as a series of projection lenses on overhead projectors. And also came for amateur cameras at entry-level, such as the Smena.
Uran (Уран) Lenses Uran used for aerial photography. Have a planar design.
Jupiter (Юпитер) These lenses has a Zeiss Sonnar design. This is photo lenses for the small and medium format (Jupiter-11, Jupiter 37, the Jupiter-9, Jupiter-21, the Jupiter-36).
Era (Эра) Lenses with this name are very rare. The design is unknown to me. Presumably the kind of planar. It produced a very small series.
Yashma (Яшма) I know only one lens with this name – Yashma-4 300/2.8. A fast telephoto lens. It has impressive dimensions, weight and price. Produced by Arsenal plant, and after re-branding was named MC Arsat 300/2.8.